I needed to make a few changes to the security and settings of my newly-FreeLink-ified LinkStation. Several good articles informed my decisions:
- "Freelink - Convert the LinkStation into a Full-fledged Debian Linux Server" at the LinkStationWiki
- A discussion of telnet and root at the LinkStationWiki, which describes a need to reboot that was omitted from the README that came with my FreeLink install
- The README that came with my FreeLink install
Borrowing heavily from those sources, here's what I did:
- Telneted in:
C:\>telnet linkstation
Connecting To linkstation...
Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 %h
root@LinkStation:/# - Tested the Internet connection:
root@LinkStation:/# ping -c 4 www.google.com
PING www.l.google.com (64.233.167.99) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from py-in-f99.google.com (64.233.167.99): icmp_seq=1 ttl=237 time=18.3 ms
64 bytes from py-in-f99.google.com (64.233.167.99): icmp_seq=2 ttl=237 time=19.1 ms
64 bytes from py-in-f99.google.com (64.233.167.99): icmp_seq=3 ttl=237 time=15.2 ms
64 bytes from py-in-f99.google.com (64.233.167.99): icmp_seq=4 ttl=237 time=29.1 ms
--- www.l.google.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3022ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 15.212/20.457/29.167/5.239 ms
root@LinkStation:/# - Changed the root password, using a password from GRC's Ultra High Security
Password Generator. (Of course, I saved that password in a very safe place.)root@LinkStation:/# passwd root
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
root@LinkStation:/# - Updated the apt package list, which took about 2 minutes to complete:
root@LinkStation:/# apt-get update
Get:1 http://security.debian.org stable/updates/main Packages [398kB]
Get:2 http://security.debian.org stable/updates/main Release [113B]
Get:3 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main Packages [4420kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main Release [98B]
Get:5 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main Sources [1323kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main Release [97B]
Fetched 6141kB in 1m1s (99.7kB/s)
Reading Package Lists... Done
root@LinkStation:/# - Installed SSH:
root@LinkStation:/# apt-get install ssh
An installation prompt appeared, but I just waited and it answered "Yes" all by itself.Unpacking ssh (from .../ssh_1%3a3.8.1p1-8.sarge.6_powerpc.deb) ...
Setting up ssh (3.8.1p1-8.sarge.6) ...
Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time ...
Creating SSH2 DSA key; this may take some time ...
Restarting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd.
root@LinkStation:/# - Tested SSH with the PuTTY client on my Windows machine:
login as: root
Once PuTTY was running, I closed the telnet session and did the rest of the work using PuTTY, 'cause it's better at ANSI.
Using keyboard-interactive authentication.
Password:
LinkStation:~# - Changed the telnet root login so it will require a password. First — and this is the part that isn't covered in the README but is covered in that discussion of telnet and root at the LinkStationWiki — I rebooted:
LinkStation:~# reboot
I ran the vi editor:
Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Sun Dec 14 23:41:08 2003):
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
LinkStation:~#
and changed
LinkStation:~# vi /etc/init.d/utelnetd/sbin/utelnetd -l /bin/bash &
to/sbin/utelnetd -l /bin/login &
If you need to know how to use the vi editor, try Tobias von Petersdorff's "vi basics". - Tested to make sure that telnet now requires a password. Since telnet won't let us log in as root any more I needed to create a temporary user. In PuTTY:
And then in telnet:
Thenexitfrom telnet and, in PuTTY:
- Upgraded all currently installed programs:
LinkStation:~# apt-get upgrade
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
base-config bsdutils cpio exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light
gzip info libc6 libgcc1 libgnutls11 libpcre3 libperl5.8 libssl0.9.7
libtasn1-2 login man-db mount passwd perl-base ppp tar util-linux zlib1g
25 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 11.7MB of archives.
After unpacking 295kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main bsdutils 1:2.12p-4sarge1 [66.0kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main gzip 1.3.5-10sarge2 [76.9kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main login 1:4.0.3-31sarge9 [584kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main mount 2.12p-4sarge1 [147kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main libperl5.8 5.8.4-8sarge5 [998B]
Get:6 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main perl-base 5.8.4-8sarge5 [790kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main tar 1.14-2.3 [507kB]
Get:8 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main util-linux 2.12p-4sarge1 [406kB]
Get:9 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main libc6 2.3.2.ds1-22sarge6 [4238kB]
Get:10 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main libgcc1 1:3.4.3-13sarge1 [90.0kB]
Get:11 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main exim4-config 4.50-8sarge2 [243kB]
Get:12 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main exim4-base 4.50-8sarge2 [821kB]
Get:13 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main passwd 1:4.0.3-31sarge9 [566kB]
Get:14 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main zlib1g 1:1.2.2-4.sarge.2 [69.7kB]
Get:15 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main cpio 2.5-1.3 [67.7kB]
Get:16 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main libtasn1-2 0.2.10-3sarge1 [43.0kB]
Get:17 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main libgnutls11 1.0.16-13.2sarge2 [300kB]
Get:18 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main libpcre3 4.5-1.2sarge1 [110kB]
Get:19 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main exim4-daemon-light 4.50-8sarge2 [387kB]
Get:20 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main exim4 4.50-8sarge2 [1122B]
Get:21 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main info 4.7-2.2sarge2 [190kB]
Get:22 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main man-db 2.4.2-21sarge1 [602kB]
Get:23 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main libssl0.9.7 0.9.7e-3sarge4 [779kB]
Get:24 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main base-config 2.53.10.2 [307kB]
Get:25 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main ppp 2.4.3-20050321+2sarge1 [351kB]
Fetched 11.7MB in 2m7s (92.3kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Say "No" to "Should man and mandb be installed 'setuid man'?".tar: ./postinst: time stamp 2005-09-18 02:49:51 is 55557829 s in the future
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(Reading database ... 7660 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace bsdutils 1:2.12p-4 (using .../bsdutils_1%3a2.12p-4sarge1_powerpc.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement bsdutils ...
Setting up bsdutils (2.12p-4sarge1) ...
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(Reading database ... 7660 files and directories currently installed.)
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(Reading database ... 7660 files and directories currently installed.)
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Unpacking replacement mount ...
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Setting up util-linux (2.12p-4sarge1) ...
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Setting up libc6 (2.3.2.ds1-22sarge6) ...
Current default timezone: 'US/Eastern'.
Local time is now: Mon Dec 15 01:06:24 EST 2003.
Universal Time is now: Mon Dec 15 06:06:24 UTC 2003.
Run 'tzconfig' if you wish to change it.
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tar: ./postinst: time stamp 2006-06-11 14:25:43 is 78581933 s in the future
tar: ./postrm: time stamp 2006-06-11 14:25:43 is 78581933 s in the future
tar: ./conffiles: time stamp 2006-06-11 14:25:43 is 78581933 s in the future
tar: ./md5sums: time stamp 2006-06-11 14:25:44 is 78581934 s in the future
tar: ./control: time stamp 2006-06-11 14:25:44 is 78581934 s in the future
tar: .: time stamp 2006-06-11 14:25:44 is 78581934 s in the future
Preparing to replace base-config 2.53.10 (using .../base-config_2.53.10.2_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement base-config ...
tar: ./md5sums: time stamp 2006-06-03 23:48:55 is 77924524 s in the future
tar: ./postinst: time stamp 2006-06-03 23:49:12 is 77924541 s in the future
tar: ./prerm: time stamp 2006-06-03 23:49:12 is 77924541 s in the future
tar: ./postrm: time stamp 2006-06-03 23:49:12 is 77924541 s in the future
tar: ./conffiles: time stamp 2006-06-03 23:49:12 is 77924541 s in the future
tar: ./control: time stamp 2006-06-03 23:49:15 is 77924544 s in the future
tar: .: time stamp 2006-06-03 23:49:15 is 77924544 s in the future
Preparing to replace ppp 2.4.3-20050321+2 (using .../ppp_2.4.3-20050321+2sarge1_powerpc.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement ppp ...
Setting up libperl5.8 (5.8.4-8sarge5) ...
Setting up exim4-config (4.50-8sarge2) ...
Setting up exim4-base (4.50-8sarge2) ...
Setting up cpio (2.5-1.3) ...
Setting up libtasn1-2 (0.2.10-3sarge1) ...
Setting up libgnutls11 (1.0.16-13.2sarge2) ...
Setting up libpcre3 (4.5-1.2sarge1) ...
Setting up exim4-daemon-light (4.50-8sarge2) ...
Starting MTA: exim4.
Setting up exim4 (4.50-8sarge2) ...
Setting up info (4.7-2.2sarge2) ...
Setting up man-db (2.4.2-21sarge1) ...
Setting up libssl0.9.7 (0.9.7e-3sarge4) ...
Setting up base-config (2.53.10.2) ...
Setting up ppp (2.4.3-20050321+2sarge1) ...
LinkStation:~# - Correct the LinkStation time zone setting. I'm in the U.S. Central time zone.
LinkStation:~# tzconfig
Installed NTP.
Your current time zone is set to US/Eastern
Do you want to change that? [n]: y
Please enter the number of the geographic area in which you live:
1) Africa 7) Australia
2) America 8) Europe
3) US time zones 9) Indian Ocean
4) Canada time zones 10) Pacific Ocean
5) Asia 11) Use System V style time zones
6) Atlantic Ocean 12) None of the above
Then you will be shown a list of cities which represent the time zone
in which they are located. You should choose a city in your time zone.
Number: 3
Alaska Aleutian Arizona Central East-Indiana Eastern Hawaii Indiana-Starke
Michigan Mountain Pacific Samoa
Please enter the name of one of these cities or zones
You just need to type enough letters to resolve ambiguities
Press Enter to view all of them again
Name: [] Central
Your default time zone is set to 'US/Central'.
Local time is now: Mon Dec 15 00:18:34 CST 2003.
Universal Time is now: Mon Dec 15 06:18:34 UTC 2003.
LinkStation:~#LinkStation:~# apt-get install ntp ntp-simple ntpdate
Tested to make sure the system knows the current time and date:
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
ntp-server perl perl-modules
Suggested packages:
ntp-doc libterm-readline-gnu-perl libterm-readline-perl-perl
Recommended packages:
perl-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ntp ntp-server ntp-simple ntpdate perl perl-modules
0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6159kB of archives.
After unpacking 23.7MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main perl-modules 5.8.4-8sarge5 [2179kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main perl 5.8.4-8sarge5 [3509kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main ntp 1:4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1 [266kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main ntp-simple 1:4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1 [129kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main ntp-server 1:4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1 [31.9kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.kernel.org stable/main ntpdate 1:4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1 [43.7kB]
Fetched 6159kB in 56s (108kB/s)
tar: ./conffiles: time stamp 2006-05-09 23:33:28 is 75766305 s in the future
tar: ./md5sums: time stamp 2006-05-09 23:33:28 is 75766305 s in the future
tar: ./control: time stamp 2006-05-09 23:33:29 is 75766306 s in the future
tar: .: time stamp 2006-05-09 23:33:29 is 75766306 s in the future
Selecting previously deselected package perl-modules.
(Reading database ... 7699 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking perl-modules (from .../perl-modules_5.8.4-8sarge5_all.deb) ...
tar: ./postinst: time stamp 2006-08-04 16:42:12 is 83258425 s in the future
tar: ./md5sums: time stamp 2006-08-04 16:42:12 is 83258425 s in the future
tar: ./control: time stamp 2006-08-04 16:42:15 is 83258428 s in the future
tar: .: time stamp 2006-08-04 16:42:15 is 83258428 s in the future
Selecting previously deselected package perl.
Unpacking perl (from .../perl_5.8.4-8sarge5_powerpc.deb) ...
tar: ./postinst: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624934 s in the future
tar: ./md5sums: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624939 s in the future
tar: ./control: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:48 is 53624937 s in the future
tar: .: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624939 s in the future
Selecting previously deselected package ntp.
Unpacking ntp (from .../ntp_1%3a4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1_powerpc.deb) ...
tar: ./postinst: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624934 s in the future
tar: ./postrm: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624934 s in the future
tar: ./md5sums: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624939 s in the future
tar: ./control: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:49 is 53624938 s in the future
tar: .: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624939 s in the future
Selecting previously deselected package ntp-simple.
Unpacking ntp-simple (from .../ntp-simple_1%3a4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1_powerpc.deb) ...
tar: ./postinst: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624934 s in the future
tar: ./preinst: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624934 s in the future
tar: ./prerm: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624934 s in the future
tar: ./postrm: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624934 s in the future
tar: ./conffiles: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624934 s in the future
tar: ./md5sums: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624939 s in the future
tar: ./control: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:48 is 53624937 s in the future
tar: .: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624939 s in the future
Selecting previously deselected package ntp-server.
Unpacking ntp-server (from .../ntp-server_1%3a4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1_powerpc.deb) ...
Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/ntp-simple ...
Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/ntp-refclock ...
Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/ntp ...
ntpd: no process killed
tar: ./postinst: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624933 s in the future
tar: ./preinst: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624933 s in the future
tar: ./prerm: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624933 s in the future
tar: ./postrm: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624933 s in the future
tar: ./conffiles: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:45 is 53624933 s in the future
tar: ./md5sums: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624938 s in the future
tar: ./control: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624938 s in the future
tar: .: time stamp 2005-08-26 17:10:50 is 53624938 s in the future
Selecting previously deselected package ntpdate.
Unpacking ntpdate (from .../ntpdate_1%3a4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1_powerpc.deb) ...
Setting up ntpdate (4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1) ...
Running ntpdate to synchronize clock.
Setting up perl-modules (5.8.4-8sarge5) ...
Setting up ntp (4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1) ...
Setting up ntp-server (4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1) ...
Starting NTP server: ntpd.
Setting up ntp-simple (4.2.0a+stable-2sarge1) ...
Setting up perl (5.8.4-8sarge5) ...
LinkStation:~#LinkStation:~# date
Sat Apr 7 22:31:30 CDT 2007
LinkStation:~#
(Note that, if we later limit the LinkStation's access to the Internet we'll need to provide an NTP server on the subnet. See http://linkstationwiki.net/index.php?title=Correct_the_system_time_and_setup_Network_Time_Protocol_%28NTP%29 .)
(Might want to include some of the packages from http://linkstationwiki.net/index.php?title=Category:Debian .)
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